In ancient times, Christians used to make pilgrimages to Jerusalem for Holy Week. One popular activity while they were there was to walk the route from Pilate’s house to Calvary, stopping for devotionals to commemorate various events that took place along the way.
Of course most people didn’t do this every year, but they got so much spiritual benefit from walking the route to Calvary that they thought out a way to do it at home. They made carvings or pictures of each of the events along the way, and placed them at intervals, either outdoors or in a church. Then they could walk the route, stop at each place to do a devotional, and relive the experience. It also made the experience accessible to people who couldn’t afford to travel to Jerusalem.
Why are They Called Stations?
Now you might be wondering why they are called stations. The word station comes from the Latin word that means to stand. Every place a train comes to a stop and stands for a while, it is a station; except we’ve built buildings at each of those places and for us the building is the station. In this case, we’re using the word station in its original meaning. We are going for a walk; every point along the way where we stop and pray is a station.
How the Stations of the Cross Came into their Present Form
The Church at Rome commemorated all the events of Holy Week on Easter Day until the 11th century. At that time, they adopted the widespread custom of observing the events of Palm Sunday, Holy Thursday, Good Friday, and Holy Saturday on the appropriate days before Easter Day. In 1342, the Franciscan monks of the Roman Catholic Church were put in authority over the Holy Land. They became familiar with the Stations of the Cross, and decided to promote them as a devotional discipline.
The number of stations and the events commemorated at each station varied from place to place. By the 18th century, the number of stations became fixed at fourteen, and the whole devotion was completely standardized in the 19th century. Of the fourteen stations, eight are preserved in Christian scripture, and six are preserved in Christian memory.
For my church, I created twelve Stations of the Cross, which you can download and use.
Doing the Stations of the Cross
To use the Stations of the Cross, post them at intervals inside a church or other building—or if the weather is nice, post them outdoors. Now you just go for a nice walk, taking the stations in order. As you come to each one, stop, pray read the scriptures, pray the prayers, and contemplate the situation before moving on. As you walk from one to the next, your walking becomes a devotional act, because you are walking with Jesus as He walks to Calvary.
The Customary Stations of the Cross
Here is a list of the Stations of the Cross that have been customary since the 19th century. If you have seen the movie The Passion of the Christ, you will recognize it as the framework from the script, as some of the events in the film correspond to Stations of the Cross that do not appear in Scripture.
Jesus is condemned to death
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:15-26, Mark 16:6-15, Luke 23:17-25, John 18:33-40
Pilate found himself in a bind. He had to choose between what was politically expedient and what was right, so he did what was politically expedient and had Jesus crucified.
Jesus takes up the cross
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:27-31, Mark 15:16-20, John 19:17
It was Roman practice to scourge, whip, and insult a capital prisoner, then make him carry the crossbeam of the cross to the site of the crucifixion. On the way, they made a public spectacle of the prisoner and encouraged the crowds to insult him.
Jesus stumbles the first time
Preserved in Christian memory
There is no scriptural reference that I can find that says directly that Jesus stumbled, but the fact that the soldiers had another man carry His cross for Him strongly implies it.
Jesus encounters His mother
Preserved in Christian memory
There is no scriptural reference of Jesus encountering His mother along the way to the site of the crucifixion, but it is very likely that it happened. Mary was present at the crucifixion itself, so she was strongly motivated to make her way to Him while He was still carrying the cross.
Simon of Cyrene is forced to carry Jesus’ cross
Source: Matthew 27:32, Mark 15:21, Luke 23:26
Jesus had been up the whole night, first at a Passover Seder, then praying in the garden, then being arrested and tried. He was tired even before He was scourged and whipped. The Romans wouldn’t want Him to die of exhaustion, because that would be merciful. They would only get someone else to carry the cross for Him if they had reason to believe that He might die too early and thus escape the torture of the cross.
Veronica wipes Jesus’ face with a cloth
Preserved in Christian memory
Jesus was bloody and sweaty from the ordeal. According to Christian lore, a woman came forward and wiped His face with a cloth (traditionally called a napkin). When she took the cloth back, it had an image of Jesus’ face on it. If she just pressed the cloth to His face, I could see that happening. The problem many people have with this story is that Veronica
was never used as a name before the story became widespread, and it is Greek for true image.
So many people think Veronica is fictitious, but hold off a moment on that—it could be that this really did occur, that she acquired Veronica as a nickname, and that she proudly used it as her name.
It is also true that the name Wendy
was not used until after the publication of books featuring Peter Pan. So the fact that Veronica
is not attested before this time is not very meaningful.sw
Jesus stumbles the second time
Preserved in Christian memory
There is no record in Scripture that I can find of Jesus stumbling again, but there is no reason to think that He didn’t.
Jesus speaks with the women of Jerusalem
Preserved in Scripture: Luke 23:26-31
Under Jewish law, a woman cannot be a witness in a trial. That protects women from violence by men who want to influence their testimony beforehand or punish them for it afterwards. This meant that the women had greater freedom of movement than the men, because they could not be required to give an account for what they saw and heard. That is why women figure prominently here and at the crucifixion.
Jesus falls a third time
Preserved in Christian memory
There is no record in Scripture that I can find of Jesus stumbling again, but there is no reason to think that He didn’t.
The soldiers strip Jesus for crucifixion
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:35, Mark 15:24b, Luke 23:34
The Romans not only tortured capital criminals, they also humiliated them publicly. For that reason, people were crucified in the nude. We learn here what Jesus had worn to the Last Supper: a himation, a sari-like garment, over a tunic. In other words, He was dressed in what we would call His Sunday best.
The soldiers crucify Jesus
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:35, Mark 15:24a, Luke 23:33, John 19:18
Jesus was crucified at about 9:00 in the morning. This is approximate, since there were no clocks.
Jesus dies
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:45-56, Mark 15:33-41, Luke 23:44-49, John 19:30-33
Jesus died about 3:00 in the afternoon, at the time of the evening sacrifice in the Temple. The Lamb of God was slain at the same time as the paschal lambs were being slain in the Temple.
Joseph of Arimathea Takes Jesus down from the Cross
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:57-61, Mark 15:42-47, Luke 23:50-56, John 19:38
The bodies had to be removed from the crosses before sundown to avoid profaning the Sabbath. The bodies were customarily thrown in a common grave for criminals, but Joseph stepped forward and asked for and received custody of Jesus’ body.
Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus Lay Jesus in the Tomb
Preserved in Scripture: Matthew 27:57-58, John 19:39-42
Joseph and Nicodemus prepared Jesus for burial and put him in a tomb that Joseph had donated. Preparing bodies for burial was normally women’s work, so this is an act of devotion. The women witnessed this from afar. Because they stood at a distance and because it was near sundown, they could not see that Joseph and Nicodemus had prepared the body, but they did know where the tomb was.